Universal Accounting Standards - 954 Words

Universal Accounting Standards Issue The internationalization of business activities has increased exponentially over the past 3 decades. Because the accounting standards and practices of different countries have developed in response to diverse environments, accounting has developed with strong national accents . As a result, multinationals with branches and investments in a wide array of countries find it difficult to achieve a consolidated financial report. Further, investors in these multinationals have trouble evaluating financial statements formed from a multitude of unusual (to the investor) accounting standards, forcing them to make less informed decisions. The benefits of a set of uniform accounting standards include†¦show more content†¦Other countries even report that international standard setters appear to have little or no sympathy for the fact that some countries need to incorporate their adopted international standards in national law or regulation. Lastly, with styles of communication diff erent all across the globe, other countries contest that they would have difficulties understanding the ordering of text in the laws of uniform accounting standards since logic and structures are not the same everywhere. 3. Sarbanes-Oxley Act The Sarbanes-Oxley legislation came into force in 2002 and introduced major changes to the regulation of financial practice and corporate governance . The act created a new regulator for the accounting industry: the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board . The regulations put forth are stringent were in response to situations such as Enron. Under current conditions, few, if any, countries accounting standards would pass through all of the regulations of Sarbanes-Oxley. This makes it more difficult to bring the U.S. into the harmonization process. Although steps are being made to harmonize with U.S. standards, there will not be a complete harmonization in the near future for reasons such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Outlook With many major countries and economic blocs accepting IFRS or harmonizing their form of GAAP with IFRS, we are on the right track to creating uniform accounting standards worldwide. With today’s changing economies across theShow MoreRelatedReport : Pakistan And Bank Limited ( Hbl ) Pakistan3164 Words   |  13 PagesExecutive Summary 2 JB HI_FI Australia and Habib Bank Limited (HBL) Pakistan 3 Introduction: 3 Analyses under the light of accounting standard: 3 Accounting profession: 3 Accounting Bodies in Pakistan: 4 Accounting Bodies in Australia: 5 Analyses under the light of JB hi-fi Australia: 6 Analyses under the light of Habib Bank LTD Pakistan: 10 Reasons for International accounting differences: 12 Religion: 12 Strategies of JB Hi-fi and Habib Bank ltd: 13 Cultural: 13 Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions: 14Read MoreFinancial Accounting And Reporting Standards1426 Words   |  6 Pages Financial Accounting and Reporting Standards Jeremy J Boston Saint Leo University â€Æ' Abstract Financial accounting has become more complex as our country grows. The United States has established a core financial body to ensure all financial statements are published within the prescribed guidelines so that any creditor or investor is able to read and understand the information. The FASB was created to ensure that these guidelines are followed and they are well-paid individuals so there isRead MoreMajor Differences Between Us Gaap and Ifrs1062 Words   |  5 Pagesinstitutions whose accounting standards are used for financial reporting, Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The IFRS, whose rules are established and maintained by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), is the most widely used of the two institutions but the primary choice for the United States continues to be GAAP, whose standards are established and maintained by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). AlthoughRead Mor eThe Principles Of Financial Statement1116 Words   |  5 Pagesstrategic decisions. With the differences between the U.S. GAAP and IFRS pose problems over the an acceptable accounting flaws that exist with in standards of accounting practice relevant to manipulate the system that has been adopted. Via Turner Investments (2016) a CPA blogger says Anyone who believes all countries can embrace international accounting standards and use those standards in the same way is dumber than a sack of rocks, The New York Times Web site.† Additionally, as cited by HassanRead MoreInternational Financial Accounting Standards Board919 Words   |  4 Pagesthe International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) for their financial reporting, as well as the continued efforts made between the IFRS and US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (US GAAP), it is evident that international convergence is an overall appealing idea for global reporting. With that said, for decades now US GAAP has w orked with IFRS to create a universal standard; and while progress has been made to diminish variances between the standards, there are still large, if not unattainableRead MoreInternational Financial Reporting Standards Board944 Words   |  4 Pagesswitched to the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) for their financial reporting, as well as the continued efforts made between the IFRS and US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (US GAAP), it is evident that international convergence is an overall appealing idea for global reporting. With that said, US GAAP has worked with IFRS to create a universal standard; and while progress has been made to diminish variances between the standards, there are still large, if not unattainable,Read MoreIfrs and Gaap Convergence1638 Words   |  7 PagesIFRS and GAAP Convergence Janet Rivera Cruz Prof. Basil Jackson Accounting 304 December 2, 2012 Cruz   2       The purpose of this paper is to describe what accounting convergence means and assess the likelihood of the convergence being completed and implemented in the next five (5) years. IFRS is the principle based set of standards that establish standards and dictate specific treatments. IFRS has become a global standard for companies when preparing financial statements. IFRS consistRead MoreThe Importance Of Accounting Standards For Business Affairs1049 Words   |  5 Pagesacross the international boundaries. IFRS initially was formed to harmonize accounting across European Union, but the value of harmonization was so overwhelming and attractive around the world that became a benchmark globally. Importance of Accounting Standards In this assignment I want to explain the importance of the Accounting standards. As the world economy is becoming integrated and globalization is becoming a universal phenomenon, more and more businesses are getting out of the nationalisticRead MoreThe International Accounting Standards Board741 Words   |  3 PagesSimilar to the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (FASB) governance of U.S. GAAP in the United States, the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) was formed in 2001 to be the governing body responsible for International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). IFRS standards are beginning to be recognized globally as the leading accounting standards. Since 2002, the IASB and FASB have been committed to agreeing on unified international accounting standards. The ultimate goal is for IFRSRead MoreThe International Accounting Standards Board1249 Words   |  5 Pageschallenged by disparate accounting standards between jurisdictions, preventing the free flow of capital worldwide. The mission of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) is to develop a single set of accounting standards, enabling capital to flow in international markets as easily as information spreads between people. This paper presents a brief history of international accounting standard setting and the IASB, considers arguments for and against international standards, analyzes problems

Should Plastic Surgery Be Legal Essay - 1848 Words

Plastic Surgery has always been subject to ethical debate, or at least the reasoning some people use to have it done. Now, how can more fuel be added to this flaming topic? Well, do babies have rights to plastic surgery, or are they subject to their parents’ standards till they come of age? A family from Atlanta, Georgia, in the United States has created an internet sensation of their daughter, after Katie Crenshaw the mother of Charlie Crenshaw posted pictures of her toddler on an online website. She told the following to Barcroft Media, â€Å"I sent it to a website that caters towards parents that have children with differences or disabilities, from there it went viral,†. Charlie Crenshaw has what her parents call a â€Å"birthmark†, in truth however it is a capillary hemangioma which is approximately 5cm x 6cm and is located on her right cheek. The American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus says, â€Å"The benign tumor is made of an abnormal overgrowth of tiny blood vessels,† and† The majority of capillary hemangiomas do not require treatment and are simply monitored for the development of vision problems,†. While the tumor may not pose any immediate health risk it does pose the following ethical dilemmas, 1) whether parents should oppose a surgery which would benefit a child, 2) Are the Crenshaws using their daughter is a ladder to internet fame, and 3) should doctors obey a parent wishes even if the treatment being opposed poses no threat? From the ethicalShow MoreRelatedPlastic Surgery Debate992 Words   |  4 PagesGroup 1 Plastic Surgery I. Introduction Plastic Surgery, or Cosmetic Surgery, is surgery that is unnecessary from a medical perspective, but is carried out to improve appearance. Cosmetic surgery is initiated by an individual who wants to change the physical appearance of a feature. Although in many cases their physical appearance is normal, they may wish to change the size of their breasts or the shape of their nose. An individual may also use cosmetic surgery to change disfigured body partsRead MoreCosmetic surgery is a globally well-known term, which is undertaken to alter and enhance human1000 Words   |  4 PagesCosmetic surgery is a globally well-known term, which is undertaken to alter and enhance human self-imageand esteem.Cosmetic surgery is different from all other forms of surgeries and is a treatment for â€Å"want† rather than for â€Å"need†. Along with gaining popularity due to social obsession, it also creates health risks due to invasive surgery. This essay will argue for government control of cosmetic surgery in the areas of advertisement, medical malpractices and human welfare. Media advertising industryRead MoreAmerican Teen Cosmetic And Plastic Surgery1432 Words   |  6 Pages American Teen Cosmetic and Plastic Surgery Plastic and cosmetic surgeries have become a persisting issue in The United States, with the steady advancement of social media and technology being exposed to teens, many are falling victims to the country’s perception of standard beauty and resorting towards surgical procedures features that are not considered to be attractive among the general public. The United States makes it very easy for teens to proceedRead MorePlastic and Fantasy in U.S. Advertising800 Words   |  4 Pagesof how they should portrayed. These magazines and advertisements are filled with models and celebrities who sometimes make an individual feel insecure about herself or himself. Most Americans are now turning to cosmetic surgery in order to obtain the appearance after observing these images. 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Said quote depicts quite wellRead MoreShould The Federal Government Place A Cap On Child Support1310 Words   |  6 PagesMany people believe that should the Federal Government place a cap on child support, that support will remain the same throughout the child’s life. In addition, CP’s would argue that the Federal Government should not be involved in such matters, when in fact it has already placed its hand in the pot by seizing federal tax refunds or the denial of a new or re-finance mortgage until the current arrearages are paid in full. It has further been argued by many that child support payments do not coverRead MoreMy Job As A Plastic Surgeon1723 Words   |  7 Pagesobscure trait would be scrutinized a few horrible times by a few horrible people, or perhaps subliminally frowned upon by the narrow scope of societies beauty standards, and people would run to me to solve their issue. However, it is my job as a plastic surgeon to often talk people out of procedures; it is my job to make people look exceedingly extraordinary, not dreadfully normal. I knew the second this woman walked in that, if I took her money and put her under the knife to rework what she consideredRead MorePro Teen Plastic Surgery Debate Information3238 Words   |  13 PagesCurrent event- Historical event- She is just 14, going to undergo plastic surgery. her face bears the painful-looking raised scars and puckered skin of a burn victim. Blikis was burned in an acid attack. Acid eating through the skin on their faces, destroying cartilage and bone in minuetes. As she waits for her first surgery to help restore her face and her future. Driscoll, Amy. World of Hope for Acid Attack Victim. Miami Herald (Miami, FL). 15 Jul 2001: 1B+. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web.Read More Medical Intervention for Intersexed Children: Gender Unknown1305 Words   |  6 PagesMedical Intervention for Intersexed Children: Gender Unknown What makes a person male or female? Who has the right to choose what sex a person should be? These are some common questions that parents have to face when their child is born as an intersexed. Intersex is a general term used for any form of congenital (inborn) mixed sex anatomy. A person who is considered intersexed has some parts of their sexual anatomy that look female and some that look male (Dreger). In the United StatesRead MoreThe Effects Of School Violence On South Korea1308 Words   |  6 Pagescompetitive nation. It is so much so that getting one’s foot in the door in love and career greatly depends on how attractive one looks. In order to enhance their social competitiveness, more and more young people have decided to undergo cosmetic surgery. First, in the middle and high school stages, there are many incidents of school violence that have occurred because of someone’s appearance. Students who look ugly will be more likely targets of ridicule. A study analyzing the reasons of school violence

Monk1 Essay Example For Students

Monk1 Essay Thelonious Monk was born in Rocky Mount, North Carolina on October 10, 1917. He began playing piano when he was the age of five, in New York City, where he grew up. He started as the pianist for the Cootie Williams Orchestra, where he gained fame for his tune Round Midnight, in 1944. Thelonious Monk was part of that small but select group of jazz musicians who were responsible for the birth of a new kind of jazz bebop. In his teens he met Mary Lou Williams, a fine jazz pianist who became a lifelong friend and a major inspiration. By the early 1940s he was playing Harlem clubs like Mintons and Monroes Uptown House with fellow innovators Kenny Clarke, Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie Parker. In the mid 40s he led groups under his own name, worked with Coleman Hawkins, and was with the Dizzy Gillespie Orchestra for a while; but he did not work regularly until the mid 50s when he finally became recognized for the contribution he had made to the new jazz and started recording some remarkable albums for Riverside. In 1947 Blue Note record signed Monk and recorded him for a few year. Then after little other work he recorded a record of Duke Ellington hits in 1955. This served to bring him out of the obscure, and somewhat into the main stream of Jazz. Then in1957, John Coltrane was kicked out of Miles Daviss band, because of a severe drug problem. As a result, the great saxophonist Coltrane joined Monks quartet. Because of Coltranes presence, people quickly began to recognize Monk as one of the great stars of Jazz. He signed an extended contract with Columbia records in 1962, and appeared on the cover of Time magazine in1964. He continued to tour through the rest of the 60s, and he played with the Giants of Jazz in the early 70s. In 1962 he began recording for Columbia. During the 60s he led a quartet featuring Charlie Rouse on tenor, a group that recorded and toured extensively. He retired from touring and recording in the early seventies. His last recordings were made in Europe in November 197 1 while on a Giants of Jazz tour for George Wein. His piano playing and his compositions have oddness about them, a strange angularity that is not always easily assimilated, but pays back dividends for those willing to listen. Many of his recordings are of his own compositions but his treatment of Tin Pan Alley standards like Tea for Two, Liza, and Memories of You show his unique approach to the keyboard. Monk retired suddenly in 1973. He suffered from some sort of mental illness which kept him from touring, with the exception of a few scarce appearances. He died in 1982, at the age of 65. Monk continued to grow in popularity even after his death. He will always be recognized as a true individual in Jazz music. His ability to give a melody with his own flare, in addition to his funky hats and sunglasses will always be remembered. Some of Monks greatest recordings: Bibliography:

The Influence of Arts in Education a Problem Analysis Essay Example For Students

The Influence of Arts in Education: a Problem Analysis Essay The American boards of education have dictated that the emphasis in education would be on math, science, and reading, and therefore they cut back on other programs. The intense focus on the basic skills is a sea of change in American instructional practice, with many schools that once offered rich curriculums now systematically trimming courses like social studies, science and particularly art (Dillon, 2006). The federal government through the LIST. Department Of Education and the National Endowment for the Arts has maintained a consistent connection With arts education in the public schools over the last 10 years. This has occurred in part through targeted funding for programs?often involving readerships between schools and community organizations; professional development for teachers and teaching artists; and research and evaluation. The tuft agencies have cooperated as well in the data collection efforts of the National Center for Education Statistics, which provide important insights into the status and condition of arts education in the country. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (UNCLE) is arguably the most significant federal action to affect arts education, and education generally, in the last decade?if not the last 40 years. We will write a custom essay on The Influence of Arts in Education: a Problem Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This legislation, as with the Goals 2000 law, is an update of the basic deader education law originally enacted in 1965. No Child Left Behind was signed into law in January 2002. It expanded the federal role in education in order to close the achievement gap between disadvantaged and minority students and their peers, To comply with the law, states have developed plans to increase student achievement and have set performance goals, which all students are expected to meet by 2013-14 in reading and mathematics. In almost every section of the law, UNCLE stresses that decision about the allocation of federal resources for education should be grounded in scientifically-based research. The intent, as interpreted by the Department of Education, is to transform education into an evidence-based field. In education, high test scores means higher budget. But in a failing economy, schools have to decide vatu is more important: well flushed out art classes that cannot gather empirical data as to their progression, or having test scores that meet UNCLE standard. The crisis Of money is real, so because music and the arts arent government-tested like reading, writing and math are. School districts are pressured into cutting them first. It puts decision makers in a very uncomfortable position because they see he advantages of the arts, but when the students are being tested in some areas and not others, the resources and money tend to follow the testing. The arts programs tend to be cut first for this reason. Most every school where the arts programs are cut, show a decrease in morale and attendance. There is also an increase in vandalism and disruptions, so within a few years, most Of them have had to add additional disciplinary staff to handle the problems that were created by not providing a full gamut Of knowledge that human beings need. These staff additions cost more than keeping the arts programs in the schools ND are hurting testing scores in the process. Usually created by commercial test publishers, standardized tests are designed to give a common measure of students performance. Because large numbers of students throughout the country take the same test, they give educators a common yardstick or standard of measure. Educators use these standardized tests to tell how well school programs are succeeding or to give themselves a picture of the skills and abilities of todays students. However, the results from these tests can only help teachers develop programs that suit students achievement levels in specific object areas, such as reading math, language skills, spelling, or science (Dillon 2006), These are the tests that encourage teachers and administrators make decisions regarding the instructional program. They help schools measure how students in a given class, school, or school system perform in relation to other students who take the same test. Using the results from these tests, teachers and administrators evaluate the school system and the funded school programs. As schools increasingly shape their classes to produce high test scores, many life skills not measured by tests just dont get taught (Wetland, game; Winner, 2007). The student that is then subject to this manner of instruction is situated in the idea that knowledge only Comes from the subjects tested, and is then narrowed into only those areas of professionalism. It seems plausible to imagine that art classes might help fill the gap by encouraging different kinds Of thinking. While students in art classes learn techniques specific to art, theyre also taught a remarkable array Of mental habits not emphasized elsewhere in school. Such skills include visual-spatial abilities, reflection, self-criticism. And the willingness to experiment and learn from mistakes (Dickinson, McKenna, game; Deletions, 997). All are important to numerous careers, such as Business Management, Entrepreneurship, Politics, and Teaching, but are widely ignored by todays standardized tests. Whats more, most of the habits picked up within arts education actually help in preparation for standardized tests. The relationship between arts learning and the SAT is of considerable interest to anyone concerned with college readiness and admissions issues. The SAT Reasoning Test (formerly known as the SAT l) is the most widely used test offered by the College Board as part tot its SAT Program. It assesses students verbal and math skills and knowledge and is described as a standardized measure of college readiness. Many public colleges and universities use SAT scores in admissions. Nearly half of the nations three million high school graduates in 2005 took the SAT. Multiple independent studies have shown increased years of enrollment in arts courses are positively correlated with higher SAT verbal and math scores. High school students who take arts classes have higher math and verbal SAT scores than students who take no arts Arts participation and SAT scores co- vary?that is, they tend to increase linearly: the more arts classes, the more educational habits are picked up, and the higher the scores. One of these habits is persistence: Students work on projects over sustained periods of time and are expected to find meaningful problems and persevere through frustration. An ethnographic study of seventh grade boys in special education revealed use of the visual arts helped them become more sophisticated, less reluctant readers. Described as learning disabled, the boys were encouraged to use visual forms Of expression to convey their understanding Of reading assignments. After a nine-week course of visualization training, they also took a more active role in aiding and began to interpret text rather than passively reading it. Another is expression: Students are urged to move beyond technical skill to create works rich in emotion, atmosphere, and their own personal voice or vision. In an experimental research study of high school age students, those who studied dance scored higher than unruliness on measures of creative thinking, especially in the categories of fluency, originality and abstract thought, Whether dancers can use their original abstract thinking skills in other disciplines is an important area of exploration. A third is making clear connections between schoolwork and the world outside the classroom: Students are taught to see their projects as part of the larger art world, past and present. Each of these habits clearly has a role in elite and learning, but we were particularly struck by the potentially broad value of four other kinds of thinking being taught in the art classes we documented: observing, envisioning, innovating through exploration, and reflective self-evaluation Though far more difficult to quantify on a test than reading comprehension or math computation, each has a high value as a learning tool, both in school and elsewhere in life. We dont need the arts in our schools to raise mathematical and verbal skills we already target these in math and language arts. .u87184f5cc714837db3b51f1b3d6f42fc , .u87184f5cc714837db3b51f1b3d6f42fc .postImageUrl , .u87184f5cc714837db3b51f1b3d6f42fc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u87184f5cc714837db3b51f1b3d6f42fc , .u87184f5cc714837db3b51f1b3d6f42fc:hover , .u87184f5cc714837db3b51f1b3d6f42fc:visited , .u87184f5cc714837db3b51f1b3d6f42fc:active { border:0!important; } .u87184f5cc714837db3b51f1b3d6f42fc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u87184f5cc714837db3b51f1b3d6f42fc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u87184f5cc714837db3b51f1b3d6f42fc:active , .u87184f5cc714837db3b51f1b3d6f42fc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u87184f5cc714837db3b51f1b3d6f42fc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u87184f5cc714837db3b51f1b3d6f42fc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u87184f5cc714837db3b51f1b3d6f42fc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u87184f5cc714837db3b51f1b3d6f42fc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u87184f5cc714837db3b51f1b3d6f42fc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u87184f5cc714837db3b51f1b3d6f42fc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u87184f5cc714837db3b51f1b3d6f42fc .u87184f5cc714837db3b51f1b3d6f42fc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u87184f5cc714837db3b51f1b3d6f42fc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Jane Eyre Essay ThesisWe need the arts because in addition to introducing students to aesthetic appreciation, they teach other modes of thinking we value. For students living in a rapidly changing world, the arts teach vital modes Of seeing, imagining, inventing, and thinking. If our primary demand of students is that they recall established facts, the children we educate today will find themselves ill-equipped to deal with real-world. A group of 162 children, ages 9 and 10, were trained to look closely at works of art and reason about what they awe. The results showed that childrens ability to draw inferences about artwork transferred to their reasoning about images in science. In both cases, the critical skill is that of looking closely and reasoning about what is seen. Those who have learned the lessons of the arts, however how to see new patterns, how to learn from mistakes, and how to envision solutions are the ones likely to come up with the novel answers needed most tort the future. A Literature Review The issue and argument against said cuts has been an ongoing conversation since the early asses. Research in arts education has consistently shown that he arts are a distinct form of knowledge requiring sustained and demanding work and yielding kinds of empathy, understanding, and skill both equal to and distinctive from those available in chemistry, civics, and mathematics. In 1997, Dry. Bobbie McKenna, an Associate Director and Director of Graduate Studies for the School of Theatre, mom and Television at the University of Arizona, came together with Eric Deletions of Center for the Arts in the Basic Curriculum and Dee Dickinson of New Horizons for Learning to put together a piece dedicated to learning through the arts. The report presents a synthesis of the research n the contribution Of arts education to learning (Dickinson, McKenna, game; Deletions, 1997). It exhibits information on schools that have incorporated the arts successfully and discusses the relationship between the arts and cognition and the ways each art form promotes unique ways of knowing. They include such associations as: visual arts instruction and reading readiness; dramatic enactment and conflict resolution skills; traditional dance and nonverbal reasoning; and learning piano and mathematics proficiency. The report also presents research on what the arts offer to the preparation of students for the roll of work. Furthermore, the authors consult studies given by neuroscience from Berkeley and psychologists from the International Center for the Development of Learning to discuss scientific studies and information gathered on the influence of educational theatre, music, dance, and the fine arts on the human mind. The discussion continued ten years later when author Sam Dillon of the New York Times researched both sides of the educational argument. In his piece Schools Cut Back Subjects to push Reading and Math, Dillon addresses the response from thousands of schools to the reading and math testing acquirement laid out in No Child Left Behind, President Bushs signature education law: reducing class time spent on other subjects and, for some low- proficiency students, eliminating it. Similar to the argument presented by Dry. McKenna, the article highlights areas within the education of adolescents that are diminished When the artistic education is removed from schools. However, the article also highlights the difficult situations that educators and face when narrowing the curriculum. For example, Dillon discusses 125 Of the schools lowest-performing students are barred from taking anything except math, aiding and gym, a measure that Samuel Harris, a former lieutenant colonel in the Army who is the schools principal, said was draconian but necessary. When you look at a kid and you know he cant read, thats a tough call youve got to make, Mr.. Harris said. In their piece Art for Our Sake, Ellen Winner and Lois Wetland from The Boston Globe agree more with the position presented by Dry. McKenna. The reporters analyze studies and research done on arts integrated schools in the Boston area where that arts programs teach a specific set of thinking skills rarely addressed elsewhere in the curriculum and that tar from being irrelevant in a deserving education system, arts education is becoming even more important as standardized tests like the MACS exert a narrowing influence over what schools teach) (Wetland, Winner, 2008), The continual point made throughout the piece is that as schools cut time for the arts, they may be losing their ability to produce not just the artistic creators of the future, but innovative leaders who improve the world they inherit. The last article examined takes a different approach to examining arts education. In fact, it reviews the policy of art education as a whole. Jane Reamer Author, Researcher, and Arts and Education Consultant in New York explores the process of using lessons learned about high quality, effective arts education programs to help local educational leaders and practitioners create their own policy statements. She raises questions about policy implications from those lessons and connects them to the readers own experience. She provides an Wanderlust framework and an action agenda for developing local policy at the classroom, school, or district level that supports high quality arts education for every student. She argues that effective arts education programs must be purported by responsive policy and ongoing tax levy funds to have a greater chance for providing quality arts teaching and learning that endures. The Handbook of Research and Policy in Art Education, edited by Elliot Eisner and Michael Day, further examines the claims made by arts advocates and defends arts education through the integration of arts within schools. Sponsored by the National Art Education Association and assembled by an internationally known group of art educators, this 36-chapter handbook provides an overview of the remarkable progress that has characterized this field in recent decades. Organized into six sections, it profiles and integrates the following elements tot this rapidly emerging field: history, policy, learning, curriculum and instruction, assessment, and competing perspectives. This handbook provides researchers, students, and policymakers (both inside and outside the field) an invaluable snapshot of its current boundaries and rapidly growing content. It describes in antithetical terms what the research says about how study of the arts contributes to academic achievement and student success. It offers impartial, to- the-point reporting of the multiple benefits associated with students learning experiences in the arts. In short, it makes the case for the arts based on sound educational research. In a nutshell, it provides much needed definition and intellectual respectability to a field that as recently as 1960 was more firmly rooted in the world Of arts and crafts than in scholarly research. In the back and forth argument of which programs should have precedence Within schools, the arts are often the first to go in order for Others to have more time. There are reasonable explanations on each side as discussed earlier. There are discussions based on numerical value in test scores, but also the physical, motional, mental, and intellectual effect on human minds. The arguments will still continue as many discuss students stability in education coming through foundation in the visual arts, music, dance, and drama, and the belief that through these art forms most students will not only find the means for communication and self-expression, hut the tools to construct meaning and learn almost any subject effectively. A Projected Solution In the current climate of educational accountability, arts educators must answer two fundamental questions so that the arts will retain a place within public education: What kinds of thinking skills do arts teachers strive to instill? How can students learn these skills? .uac245d21555e7612243c535e2b34cd4b , .uac245d21555e7612243c535e2b34cd4b .postImageUrl , .uac245d21555e7612243c535e2b34cd4b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uac245d21555e7612243c535e2b34cd4b , .uac245d21555e7612243c535e2b34cd4b:hover , .uac245d21555e7612243c535e2b34cd4b:visited , .uac245d21555e7612243c535e2b34cd4b:active { border:0!important; } .uac245d21555e7612243c535e2b34cd4b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uac245d21555e7612243c535e2b34cd4b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uac245d21555e7612243c535e2b34cd4b:active , .uac245d21555e7612243c535e2b34cd4b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uac245d21555e7612243c535e2b34cd4b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uac245d21555e7612243c535e2b34cd4b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uac245d21555e7612243c535e2b34cd4b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uac245d21555e7612243c535e2b34cd4b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uac245d21555e7612243c535e2b34cd4b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uac245d21555e7612243c535e2b34cd4b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uac245d21555e7612243c535e2b34cd4b .uac245d21555e7612243c535e2b34cd4b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uac245d21555e7612243c535e2b34cd4b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How to design a network EssayIt is not enough to say that the arts teach how to paint or draw or that the arts teach creative expression, We need to go beneath the surface and discover what underlying cognitive and social skills are imparted to students when the arts are taught well. The problem is this: educators are making more room for specific subjects that they believe hold higher precedence over the arts and are, therefore, cutting back the arts programs within schools (Winner, 2006). Unaware of the deleterious effect this could have on students ND of how this move could actually hinder their further growth in sciences, math, and history, the following information ha s been gathered based on research Of integration Of arts into classrooms and the effect they had on learning. There are many arguments made for the arts and reinstating their influence within the educational society. Though the argument is understandable that educators are focusing on having students well versed in mathematics and literacy, the arguments made for the arts programs are strong enough that they should be considered by said educators (Dickinson, McKenna, game; Deletions, 1997). The case is constantly made for the fleetness in scientific language without the consideration that art, in all of its forms, has another language all on its own. A language that needs study and discipline to master just as any other science equation needs to be memorized so it can be applicable and useable. Through this ongoing conversation, there is only the belief that there either is or is not enough room within a curriculum to have dull arts programs as well as focus on the core math and sciences and literary studies, It is not taken into consideration the integration of the two and the effect that it would have on earning as a whole (Winner, 2006), Though researchers are able to make valid arguments to keep arts programs, the instruction can still be taught where both forms of education (aesthetic and practical) can be treated equally and utilized together for greater effect. Music has also been claimed to be a way to improve reading and math skills Most research with the Arts Education Partnership that when children are trained in music tat young age, they tend to improve in their math skills. The surprising thing in this research is not that music as a whole is enhancing math skills. It is certain aspects of music that are affecting thematic ability in a big way. One particular study published in the journal Nature showed that when groups of first graders were given music instruction that emphasized sequential skill development and musical games involving rhythm and pitch, after six months, the students scored significantly better in math than students in groups that received traditional music instruction, possibly because of the effect of learning to read music notation. In terms of reading, listening to music trains the kind of auditory discrimination skills needed to make phonological distinctions, Furthermore, several programs set up in New York City, such as the Guggenheim Museums Learning to Read through the Arts, Reading Improvement Through the Arts, and Childrens Art Carnival, where children with reading difficulties are given experience in the visual arts integrated with reading and writing, consistently report that remedial readers improve their reading scores due to the integration tot arts studies and visual stimulation (Wetland, Winner, 2008). In 1993, the journal, Nature, reported that spatial-temporal reasoning is temporarily enhanced in adults after listening to Mozart for 10-15 minutes, This ending, which became known as the Mozart effect, captured the attention of the media. Studies have also examined whether children who learn to make music in the classroom improve their spatial reasoning abilities. A meta-analysis was conducted over I g studies in which young children were taught to make music in the classroom by improvising, composing, experimenting with rhythm instruments or moving to music, or by learning to play a particular instrument, and found that the children who learned to make music significantly outperformed those Who did not on a range Of spatial temporal tasks. Furthermore, in 1999, a study published in Neurological Research reported that piano keyboard training along With computer-based spatial training led to greater improvements in mathematics than when spatial training was combined With computer-based English language training. This being said, consider then the use of theatre and dance within the classroom, and other dramatic arts. In Chicago, a program called Whirlwind had sought to improve basic reading skills in young children through dance. One of the activities that children in this program engage in is dancing their bodies into the shapes of letters. By virtue f this activity, these children in fact improved their beginning reading skills significantly more than did a control group which did not get the same kind of dance instruction. Classroom drama refers to using acting techniques within the regular classroom curriculum. In 2000, the Journal tot Aesthetic Education found 80 studies that assessed the effect of classroom drama on verbal skills. In these studies, children who enacted texts were compared to those who simply read the same texts. Classroom drama significantly enhanced memory for and understanding of the texts, raised reading readiness and reading achievement cores, and improved oral language skills The most important finding of these meta-analyses on classroom drama is the demonstration that drama not only helps children to master the texts they enact, but also often helps them to master new material not enacted. However, the transfer of skills from one domain to another is generally not thought to be automatic: it needs to be taught According to the Kennedy Center, arts integration is an approach to teaching in which students construct and demonstrate understanding through an art form. Students engage in a creative process Which connects an art form and another object area and meets evolving objectives. With the overwhelming amount of knowledge a child must learn today, it is often difficult for teachers to form a lesson plan that will engage their students. The techniques of pedagogy have evolved to stress learning over memorization. The inclusion of the arts can be an excellent way to encourage students to fully absorb their lesson, Educators can think of their rooms as a staging area for the students creative minds (Dickinson, McKenna, ; Deletions, 1997). It is helpful to encourage students to be active and move around their classrooms, rather than sitting tort hours at a small desk. Students want to think in new ways, and look for moments where they can take advantage tot creativity. When studying history, for example, students can be divided into groups and encouraged to enact a drama of the events they are studying. This can create a close connection to the material through research in a way that simply writing an essay might miss, The students can exercise their ability to express themselves by performing what they learn. Furthermore, one can employ the senses more inventively by introducing music and the visual arts to the class discussion. For instance, a teacher could bring in a copy of Beethovens 3rd Symphony when beginning to study Napoleon to show an artist who was disillusioned by the horrors of Napoleons reign. Then have a slide or poster of Jacques-Louis Davits Coronation of Napoleon to show the adoration of others during that time. The facts can be presented in a way that encourages debate and fosters the interests Of the students. Throughout the conversation of budget and cuts to programs that seem erroneous, the arts have been jeopardized consistently.